Contents
List of abbreviations 11
1 Introduction to International Private Law and European
Law 13
1.1 Introduction In1ernational Private Law 14
1.2 Introduction to European Law 17
1.2.1 The Institutions of the EC 19
1.2.2 Sources of EC law 21
1.2.3 European Court of Justice and preliminary rulings under Art. 234 22
1.3 Cases 26
Glossary Chapter 1 41
Exercises Chapter 1 42
2 Negotiations 45
2.1 Reaching an agreement 46
2.2 Legal aspects of negotiations 49
2.3 Breaking off negotiations: breach of contract or tort? 51
2.3.1 Breach of contract 52
2.3.2 Tort 52
2.3.3 Breaking off negotiations: what to claim? 54
2.4 Cases at the preliminary stage 55
Glossary Chapter 2 61
Exercises Chapter 2 63
3 EEX 67
3.1 What court'of law has jurisdiction? 68
3.2 EEX Regulation: what countries are involved? 68
3.3 Provisions on jurisdiction of the EEX 69
3.3.1 Choice of parties (Art. 23 EEX) 69
3.3.2 Jurisdiction on litigation over immovable property (Art. 22 EEX) 69
3.3.3 Jurisdiction in case of litigation over individual employment contracts
(Art. 18 - 21 EEX) 70
3.3.4 Jurisdiction in case of litigation related to consumer contracts
(Art. 15 -1 7EEX) 71
3.3.5 Jurisdiction in case of litigation related to matters of insurance
(Art. 8 - 14 EEX) 72
3.3.6 General provisions on jurisdiction (Art. 2 and 5 EEX) 73
3.4 Execution of the verdict (Art. 38 EEX) 75
3.5 Arbitration 75
Glossary Chapter 3 78
Exercises Chapter 3 79
4 ECO 81
4.1 Introduction ECO 82
4.2 Conditions on the use of E CO 82
4.3 Content of ECO 83
4.3.1 A choice of law made by the contracting parties (Art. 3, 4 ECO) 84
4.3.2 Law applicable to consumer contracts in Art. 5 ECO 86
4.3.3 Law applicable to individual employment contracts (Art. 6 ECO) 88
4.3.4 Law applicable under certain ci rcumstances (Art. 7 ECO) 90
4.3.5 Formal validity of a contract (Art. 9 ECO) 91
4.4 Combination of EEX and ECO 92
4.5 Applicable law on international torts 93
Glossary Chapter 4 96
Exercises Chapter 4 97
5 CISG 99
5. 1 Introduction of the CISG 100
5.2 Application of the CISG 101
5.3 Content of the CISG 102
5.3.1 Formation of the contract of sale according to the CISG 102
5.3.2 Committing a breach of contract under the CISG 104
5.4 Answers to CISG Exercises of paragraph 5.3 108
5.5 Art. 5, 1 EEX, determining place of performance of obligation in
question 11 0
Glossary Chapter 5 113
Exercises on EEX + ECO + CISG 114
6 The free movement of goods 117
6. 1 Introduction of free movement of goods 118
6.2 Quantitative restrictions 118
6.3 Measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restri ctions 119
6.3.1 Distinctly and indistinctly applicable measures having equivalent
effect 120
6.4 Art. 30 EC·Treaty: derogation from the Art. 28 and 29 EC-Treaty 121
6.5 Case law to JUStify for restrictions on the free movement of
goods 122
6.6 Cases of the European Court of Justice on Free movement of
Goods 124
Glossary Chapter 6 128
Exercises Chapter 6 129
7 Competition law 131
7.1 Introduction on competition and cartel law 132
7.2 The cartel law of Art. 81 133
7.2. 1 Effects at the prohi bition of Art. 81 paragraph (1) 136
7.2.2 Exemptions under Art. 81 paragraph (3) 136
7.3 Abuse of a dominant position under Art. 82 137
7.3.1 What is a dominant position? 138
7.3.2 The abuse of a dominant position 139
7.4 Mergers 140
7.5 Cases of the European Court of Justice on Cartel law 142
Glossary Chapter 7 155
Exercises Chapter 7 156
Carriage, Incoterms & Payments 159
Carriage 160
Parties in a contract of carriage 160
Carrier and shipper 161
Carriage and documents 162
CM R-consignment 163
Jurisdiction in CMR Convention and under EEX Regulation 166
CMR Convention and applicable law according to ECO Treaty 166
Incoterms 166
Objects of Incoterms 167
General set up of Incoterms 168
Incoterms 2000 168
Liability of the seller and buyer in case of damage during
carriage 171
International payments 171
Payments in open account or clean payments 172
Cheque 172
Bills of Exchange (Drafts) 172
Bank Guarantee 174
Documentary Collections 174
Letter of Credit 175
Glossary Chapter 8 180
Exercises Chapter 8 181
Index 183